Metabolites | Patient (n) | Disease | ICIs | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCFAs • Fecal acetate (high) • Fecal propionate (high) • Fecal butyrate (high) • Fecal valeric acid (high) • Plasma isovaleric acid (high) | 52 | Solid cancer tumor | Anti-PD-1 | Longer PFS | [48] |
SCFAs • Fecal propionate (high) • Fecal butyrate (high) Fecal lysine (high) Fecal nicotinic acid (high) | 11 | NSCLC | Anti-PD-1 | Longer responses | [49] |
SCFAs • Plasma butyrate (high) | 40 | Metastatic melanoma Metastatic prostate carcinoma | Anti-CTLA-4 | Shorter PFS | [50] |
SCFAs • Plasma propionate (high) | 45 | Metastatic melanoma | Anti-CTLA-4 | Shorter PFS | [50] |
Serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (high) | 106 | Advanced melanoma Advanced RCC | Anti-PD-1 | Shorter OS | [52] |
3-Hydrozyanthranilic acid (low) | 19 | NSCLC | Â | Longer PFS | [53] |
Fecal 2-pentanone (high) Fecal tridecane (high) | 11 | NSCLC | Anti-PD-1 | Early progression | [49] |
Serum IDO | 23 | NSCLC | Anti-PD-1 | ICI resistance | [55] |