Fig. 5

Multi-functionality of CXCR6⁺ memory CD8+T cells for severe COVID-19. A–D Boxplots showing the difference in A cytokine score, B chemokine score, C IFN-ɑ/β response score, and D T cell activation score between CXCR6⁺ and CXCR6⁻ memory CD8+T cells. A two-side Wilcoxon sum-rank test was used. E Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes between CXCR6⁺ and CXCR6⁻ memory CD8+T cells. F Bar graph showing the proportion of CXCR6⁺ memory CD8+T cells among normal, mild, moderate, and severe groups. G–I Boxplots showing the G chemokine score, H T cell activation score, and I migration score of CXCR6⁺ memory CD8+T cells among normal, mild, moderate, and severe groups. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis was used. J Venn plot showing the overlapped up-DEGs between pairwise comparisons: mild vs. normal, moderate vs. normal, and severe vs. normal. K Representative gene of GZMH among CXCR6⁺ memory CD8+T cells showing significantly elevated expressions with increased COVID-19 severities. L Heatmap showing up-DEGs in CXCR6⁺ memory CD8+T cells from pairwise comparisons: mild vs. normal, moderate vs. normal, severe vs. normal. The up-DEGs listed in the green panel were from mild vs. normal, in the yellow panel were from moderate vs. normal, and in the orange panel were from severe vs. normal. M Scatter plot showing the enriched GO biological processes by 108 up-DEGs among CXCR6⁺ memory CD8+T cells. The x-axis shows -Log10(FDR), and the y-axis shows the enrichment ratio