Table 1 Demographic characteristics, anthropometric and metabolic measurements of the study participants pre- and post-LED
From: Gut microbiota predicts body fat change following a low-energy diet: a PREVIEW intervention study
Characteristic | pre-LED | post-LED | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | |||
 No. of participants | 211 | – | – |
 Female, No. (%) | 156 (74) | – | – |
Age (years), mean (95% CI) | 54 (53–55) | – | – |
Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
 Caucasian | 194 (92) | – | – |
 Polynesian | 13 (6) | – | – |
 Asian | 3 (1) | – | – |
 Other | 1 (0.4) | – | – |
Anthropometric variables | |||
 BMI (kg/m2), mean (95% CI) | 34.1 (33.3–34.9) | 30.2 (29.5–30.9) | <0.001 |
 Body weight (kg), mean (95% CI) | 95.8 (93.3–98.2) | 84.7 (82.5–86.9) | <0.001 |
 Waist circumference (cm), mean (95% CI) | 108.6 (106.9–110.2) | 98.4. (96.8–100.0) | <0.001 |
Body composition | |||
 Body fat mass (kg), mean (95% CI) | 40.1 (38.3–41.8) | 31.8 (30.2–33.5) | <0.001 |
 Body fat (%), mean (95% CI) | 41.8 (407–42.9) | 37.3 (36.0–38.6) | <0.001 |
 Fat-free mass (kg), mean (95% CI) | 55.6 (54.1–57.1) | 52.9 (51.5–54.3) | <0.001 |
Metabolic variables | |||
 Insulin (mU/L), mean (95% CI) | 13.1 (12.1–14.0) | 7.9 (7.4–8.4) | <0.001 |
 FPG (mmol/L), mean (95% CI) | 6.2 (6.2–6.3) | 5.8 (5.7–5.9) | <0.001 |
 HOMA-IR, mean (95% CI) | 3.6 (3.4–3.9) | 2.0 (1.9–2.2) | <0.001 |
 HbA1c (mmol/mol), mean (95% CI) | 37.0 (36.6–37.5) | 34.8 (34.3–35.2) | <0.001 |
 C-peptide (pmol/L), mean (95% CI) | 908.3 (867.2–949.3) | 648.0 (616.9–679.1) | <0.001 |