Fig. 6

Association of 5ALA + gene signatures with recurrence in GBM patients. Stacked bar plots representing the CIBERSORTx-derived average cell-type estimates from Netfel, Richards, and Garofano et al. datasets across primary and recurrent GBM patients from TCGA (A). Heatmap showing the − log10 adjusted p-value of the enriched gene signatures across recurrent and primary GBM tumors (B). The conditions representing the comparisons between recurrent and primary GBM tumors from TCGA and CCGA are given in columns (TCGA—Recurrent vs. Primary and CCGA—Recurrent vs. Primary). GBM data from TCGA has been analyzed in a paired and unpaired manner. Columns are divided into upregulated (Red) or downregulated (Blue) segments based on the regulation of genes between Recurrent vs. Primary samples. Each row represents the different gene signatures. Scatter plots representing the correlation between 5ALA + gene signature scores and overall survival (months) in recurrent and primary patients from GLASS (C and D) cohort. Spearman correlation coefficient (R) and p-values are shown. Forest plot representing the hazard ratio of different factors in recurrent GBM patients (E). tSNE coupled with Louvain clustering of the primary and recurrent GBM cells from two patients (F). 5ALA + UCell score mapping onto the tSNE (G). Comparison of 5ALA + UCell score between primary and recurrent cells (H). (Bar represents the mean). Schematic diagram showing the 5ALA + cells with MES subtype and distinct transcriptional programs such as wound response signatures are associated with recurrence of GBM tumor (I)