Fig. 5
Association of immune-cell fractions with smoking, BMI, exercise, and stress. a Heatmap of associations between blood cell-type fractions and smoking in each of 10 cohorts with smoking status information. Cohort sizes are shown above heatmap. Red (blue) tones indicate fractions that increase in smokers (never-smokers). P-values derived from a multivariate regression that included age, sex, and BMI (whenever available) and study-specific confounders as described in “Methods.” Meta(Stouffer) indicates directional Stouffer z-statistic and significance. Associations marked with a * are significant after Bonferroni correction at 0.05 level (i.e., P < 0.05/11). b Barplot displaying the effect size estimates and 95% confidence intervals from a fixed effect inverse variance meta-analysis model. Color bar to the right labels the I2 values of heteroscedasticity. c Scatterplot of z-statistics from the directional Stouffer method, against the corresponding statistics from the fixed effect meta-analysis model. R-value of agreement is shown. Gray dashed lines indicate the line P = 0.05. d Heatmap of multivariate associations of immune-cell fractions with epidemiological factors in the TD7k cohort, encompassing over 6545 samples. Red tones indicate fractions that increase with increasing values of the epidemiological factors, blue tones indicate decreases. P-values were derived from a multivariate linear regression including all phenotypic factors as shown