Table 1 Summary results from Mendelian randomization (MR), meta, colocalization, and SMR for 13 proteome-wide MR-identified proteins

GREM1

Gremlin-1

1.55E−14

3.72E−09

0.12

2.13E−18

Yes

0.14

1.22E−16

0.27

tier1

CHRDL2

Chordin-like protein 2

8.98E−11

3.54E−05

0.27

3.73E−05

No

0.39

3.35E−08

0.15

tier2

CLSTN3

Calsyntenin-3

2.41E−10

1.59E−06

−1.23

3.27E−09

Yes

−1.63

2.73E−06

0.39

tier1

CSF2RA

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha

3.28E−10

1.04E−06

−1.49

4.82E−10

Yes

−1.69

8.91E−06

0.11

tier1

CD86

T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86

3.30E−08

1.04E−06

−1.08

9.02E−05

Yes

−1.43

9.11E−07

0.12

tier1

POLR2F

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2

2.41E−10

1.59E−06

−1.45

3.46E−09

-

-

-

-

tier2

ADPGK

ADP-dependent glucokinase

3.28E−10

1.04E−06

−1.49

4.82E−10

Yes

−1.77

1.14E−05

0.05

tier2

CSAG1

Putative chondrosarcoma-associated gene 1 protein

5.54E−10

7.53E−06

−0.08

4.26E−12

No

−0.1

6.10E−10

0.02

tier3

STXBP6

Syntaxin-binding protein 6

8.94E−10

5.28E−06

−0.11

1.41E−10

No

−0.14

6.20E−10

0.03

tier3

CXADR

Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor

1.53E−06

0.21

−0.19

0.02

-

-

-

-

tier2

FUT3

3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3

4.42E−06

4.36E−04

−0.08

9.88E−09

Yes

−0.1

5.31E−06

0.03

tier2

MMP2

72 kDa type IV collagenase

6.25E−06

0.11

−0.09

0.58

No

−0.41

1.83E−05

0.61

tier3

TIMP2

Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2

6.25E−06

0.11

−0.11

0.58

No

−0.51

3.04E−05

0.54

tier3