Fig. 1
From: Rapid profiling of Plasmodium parasites from genome sequences to assist malaria control
Population structure of Plasmodium. a Circular maximum likelihood tree of 51 human and 24 non-human Plasmodium isolates using mitochondrial sequences shows perfect clustering of species as expected. This indicates the presence of a species-specific sequence which is exploited in the k-mer-based speciation function. Pf P. falciparum, Pv P. vivax, Pk P. knowlesi, Pcyn P. cynomolgi, Pm P. malariae, Poc P. ovale curtesi. b P. falciparum principal component analysis showing clustering by geographic region specifically separation between Southeast Asia and Oceania and Africa. c P. vivax principal component analysis showing clustering by geographic region. d P. knowlesi principal component analysis showing clustering by region (Peninsular (Pen-Pk) vs. Borneo Malaysia), and within Borneo based on host (Macaca fascularis (Mf-Pk) and Macaca nemestrina (Mn-Pk))