Fig. 5

Key DAMPs and regulons drive ICAM generation. A Upstream IPA of top 200 differentially expressed genes in ICAM (Fisher’s exact test, Benjamini–Hochberg FDR). B Representative confocal immunofluorescence images showing HMGB1 and NEUN expression within the infarct or peri-infarct in sham or MCAO-12 h mouse brains (scale bar: 50 µm). The right panels are magnified (scale bar: 20 µm). C–D Heatmap showing ICAM-specific (C) or IPAM-specific (D) marker genes expression upon LPS stimulation (100 ng/mL, 3 h). n = 3/group. E–F Heatmap (E) and ranking plot (F) depicting the RAS and RSS of different regulons among four microglial sub-clusters using SCENIC analysis. A transcription factor and its potential targeted genes were regarded as a regulon. RAS represents regulon activity. RSS indicates regulon specificity. G–J Real-time PCR analysis of the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (Il1a, Tnf, Il6, and Il1b) in shScr/shBach1 cell line upon or without LPS stimulation (500 ng/mL, 12 h). n = 4 biological independent samples. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, by Student’s t-test