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Table 2 List of families with candidate variants representing interpretation challenges

From: Beyond the exome: utility of long-read whole genome sequencing in exome-negative autosomal recessive diseases

Pedigree ID

# Affected members

Gender

Age at recruitment

Case ID

lrWGS Dx

Parental consanguinity

Gene

Variant

Zygosity

Reason missed by WES

F3612

2

M

Stillbirth

16DG0856

-related Diamond-Blackfan anemia

First cousins

FLVCR1

NM_014053.4:c.1593 + 5_1593 + 8del

Homozygous

Novel allelic disorder

F5543

1

M

Neonate

16DG0518

Polycystic kidney disease 4, with or without hepatic disease

Second cousins

PKHD1

NM_138694.4:c.2180A > G;p.(Asn727Ser)

Homozygous

High MAF in the local population

F5349

2

M

1 month

20DG1379

Fanconi anemia, complementation group J

First cousins

BRIP1

NM_032043.3:c.2392C > T;p.(Arg798*)

Homozygous

Intrafamilial genetic heterogeneity

F5993

2

M

1 year

18DG0095

STX3-related retinal dystrophy

First cousins

STX3

NM_004177.5:c.786 + 190dup (ENST00000437946.2:c.455dup;p.(Asp152Glufs*11))

Homozygous

Isoform confusion

F8602

2

F

Neonate

21DG0165

NID1-related vein of Galen malformation

Same tribe

NID1

NM_002508.3:c.3394C > T;p.(Arg1132Trp)

Homozygous

Novel allelic disorder

F7887

1

M

3 years

20DG0198

ABHD12-related developmental regression

First cousins

ABHD12

NM_001042472.3:c.952G > A;p.(Val318Met)

Homozygous

Atypical presentation

F8544

2

F

14 years

20DG1533

C1orf109-related neurodevelopmental disease

Same tribe

C1orf109

NM_001350767.2:c.224G > C:p.(Arg75Pro)

Homozygous

Erroneous application of MAF filter