Fig. 1

Multi-resolution clustering of PBMCs in T1DM. a Schematic representation of the study design for scRNA-seq and multi-parametric FACS profiling and data analysis of T1DM patients and healthy controls. b UMAP visualization of single cells in gene expression space. Central UMAP plot: low-resolution reference-based clustering to identify the three major immune compartments (T/NK, B, and Mo/DC). Each major cell type was then clustered individually at higher resolution, again using reference panels, to define 22 PBMC cell types. CM, central memory; EM, effector memory; Treg, regulatory T; MAIT, mucosal-associated invariant T; VD2P, gamma-delta T; NK, natural killer; BSM, B switched memory; C-monocyte, I-monocyte, and NC-monocyte: classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocyte; cDC, pDC, conventional, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell. c UMAP plot showing fold enrichment of T1DM vs healthy cells at each location in gene expression space. Red, blue: enriched, depleted in T1DM