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Table 1 Overview of cultured multidrug-resistant bacteria with genotype and phenotype

From: Long-term beneficial effect of faecal microbiota transplantation on colonisation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistome abundance in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

Patient

Sample timepoint

Species

Resistance phenotype

Genotype based on WGS

Detected in metagenome

P22

Post-FMT

E. coli

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ampC

APH(3’)-Ia, APH(6)-Id, APH(3″)-Ib, ANT(2″)-Ia, acrD, ampC, QnrB5, emrR

Yes

P30

Post-FMT

E. coli

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone

acrD, emrR, emrD

Yes

P31

Pre-FMT

E. coli

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ceftazidime

acdD, emrR, emrB, ampC

Yes

P33

Pre-FMT

K. pneumoniaea

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

aadA2, aadA16, AAC(3-IId, TEM-1, SHV-119, CTX-M-14

Yes

P33

Post-FMT

K. pneumoniaea

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

aadA2, aadA16, AAC(3-IId, TEM-1, SHV-119, CTX-M-14

Yes

P38

Pre-FMT

E. colia

Fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-27, ermR, emrB

Yes

P38

Post-FMT

E. colia

Fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-27, ermR, emrB

Yes

P39

Pre-FMT

E. coli

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-15, OXA-1, acrD, AAC(3)-IIe, emrA, emrB, emrR

Yes

P44

Pre-FMT

C. freundiia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-15, OXA-1, AAC(3)-IIe, AAC(6’)-Ib-cr, APH(6)-Id, APH(3″)-Ib, QnrB6

Yes

P44

Post-FMT

C. freundiia + E. coli

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL + ESBL

CTX-M-15, OXA-1, AAC(3)-IIe, AAC(6’)-Ib-cr, APH(6)-Id, APH(3″)-Ib, QnrB17

Yes

P44

LTFU (3 yr)

E. coli

ESBL

NA

NA

P51

Pre-FMT

C. freundii

ESBL

CTX-M-9

Yes

P58

Pre-FMT

E. coli

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone

acrD, emrR

Yes

P59

Pre-FMT

E. colia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-14, acrD, AAC(3)-IIe, APH(3″)-Ib, APH(6)-Id, emrR

Yes

P59

Post-FMT

E. colia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-14, acrD, AAC(3)-IIe, APH(3″)-Ib, APH(6)-Id, emrR

Yes

P59

LTFU (1 yr)

E. colia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

NA

NA

P64

Pre-FMT

E. colia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone

AAC(6’)-Ib-cr, emrA, emrB, emrR

NA

P64

Post-FMT

E. colia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone

acrD, APH(3")-Ib, APH(6)-Id, ampC, ampH, emrA, emrB, emrR

NA

P65

Pre-FMT

E. hormaechei_A (cloacae)

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

ACT-27, CTX-M-15, OXA-1, TEM-1, AAC(3)-IIe, APH(6)-Id, APH(3")-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, QnrB6

NA

P66

Pre-FMT

M. morganii

ESBL

DHA-18

NA

P67

Pre-FMT

P. mirabilis

ESBL

CTX-M-1

NA

P68

Pre-FMT

P. mirabilis_B (vulgaris/mirabilis)

ESBL

(none)b

NA

P69

Pre-FMT

C. freundiia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-15, TEM-1, OXA-1, AAC(3)-IIe, APH(3″)-Ib, APH(6’)-Id, QnrB6

NA

P69

Post-FMT

C. freundiia

Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, ESBL

CTX-M-15, TEM-1, OXA-1, AAC(3)-IIe, APH(3″)-Ib, APH(6’)-Id, QnrB17

NA

P70

Pre-FMT

E. colia

ESBL

ampC, ampH, SHV-134

NA

P70

Post-FMT

E. colia

ESBL

ampC, ampH, SHV-134

NA

P71

Pre-FMT

K. pneumoniae

ESBL

NA

NA

P72

Pre-FMT

P. hauseri

ESBL

NA

NA

P73

Pre-FMT

C. freundii

ESBL

NA

NA

P74

Pre-FMT

E. cloacae

ESBL

NA

NA

P75

Pre-FMT

E. cloacaea

ESBL

NA

NA

P75

Post-FMT

E. cloacaea

ESBL

NA

NA

  1. FMT Faecal microbiota transplantation, LTFU Long-term follow-up, ESBL Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, NA Data not available (because the isolate and/or the metagenome were not sequenced), WGS Whole-genome sequencing. Species names are listed as in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), and the alias known by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is given in parentheses when different. When multiple multidrug-resistant bacteria were cultured from the same stool, isolate characteristics are separated by a plus (‘ + ’) sign
  2. aSame species before and after FMT, persistence is likely based on resistance genotype (Additional file 1: Fig. S1-3) when available
  3. bNo antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the genome sequence data