Table 3 The most significantly downregulated metabolites in T2D based on fold change

Xenobiotics

Food Component/Plant

ethyl alpha-glucopyranoside

HMDB0029968

0.30

0.0008

0.0070

Xenobiotics

Food Component/Plant

(2,4 or 2,5)-dimethylphenol sulfate

0.39

0.0338

0.0862

Partially Characterized Molecules

Partially Characterized Molecules

branched-chain, straight-chain, or cyclopropyl 10:1 fatty acid (1)

0.51

0.0000

0.0000

Carbohydrate

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and Pyruvate Metabolism

1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)

C07326

HMDB0002712

0.52

0.0000

0.0000

Lipid

Progestin Steroids

5alpha-pregnan-3beta,20alpha-diol monosulfate (2)

0.55

0.0085

0.0389

Lipid

Progestin Steroids

5alpha-pregnan-3beta-ol,20-one sulfate

0.58

0.0255

0.0743

Lipid

Progestin Steroids

5alpha-pregnan-3beta,20beta-diol monosulfate (1)

HMDB0240580

0.60

0.0159

0.0548

Amino Acid

Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism

N-methylproline

HMDB0094696

0.61

0.0170

0.0568

Lipid

Fatty Acid Metabolism (Acyl Carnitine, Monounsaturated)

5-dodecenoylcarnitine (C12:1)

HMDB13326

0.62

0.0000

0.0005

Lipid

Progestin Steroids

pregnanediol-3-glucuronide

HMDB0010318

0.62

0.0066

0.0332

Lipid

Progestin Steroids

pregnanolone/allopregnanolone sulfate

C05480

HMDB0240591

0.62

0.0209

0.0665

Lipid

Pregnenolone Steroids

17alpha-hydroxypregnanolone glucuronide

0.69

0.0024

0.0170

Nucleotide

Pyrimidine Metabolism, Orotate containing

dihydroorotate

C00337

HMDB03349

0.69

0.0035

0.0220

Lipid

Androgenic Steroids

5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17alpha-diol monosulfate

HMDB0000412

0.69

0.0090

0.0399

Partially Characterized Molecules

Partially Characterized Molecules

glutamine_degradant

0.70

0.0000

0.0008

Lipid

Medium Chain Fatty Acid

5-dodecenoate (12:1n7)

HMDB0000529

0.71

0.0003

0.0039

Lipid

Fatty Acid, Dicarboxylate

decadienedioic acid (C10:2-DC)

0.71

0.0399

0.0971

Lipid

Long Chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acid

myristoleate (14:1n5)

C08322

HMDB0002000

0.72

0.0004

0.0047

Amino Acid

Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism

N, N-dimethylalanine

0.73

0.0000

0.0007

Peptide

Gamma-glutamyl Amino Acid

gamma-glutamylglutamine

C05283

HMDB0011738

0.73

0.0143

0.0510

Lipid

Long Chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acid

palmitoleate (16:1n7)

C08362

HMDB0003229

0.73

0.0218

0.0680

Partially Characterized Molecules

Partially Characterized Molecules

bilirubin degradation product, C17H20N2O5 (2)

0.74

0.0129

0.0485

Lipid

Fatty Acid Metabolism (Acyl Carnitine, Dicarboxylate)

pimeloylcarnitine/3-methyladipoylcarnitine (C7-DC)

0.74

0.0178

0.0582

Nucleotide

Purine Metabolism, Adenine containing

adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)

C00008

HMDB0001341

0.74

0.0222

0.0688

Amino Acid

Glutamate Metabolism

glutamine

C00064

HMDB0000641

0.75

0.0047

0.0270