Fig.1

Single-cell atlas of ESCC. A Schematic demonstration of the experimental workflow for single-cell RNA sequencing and computational analysis. B UMAP embedding overlaid with unsupervised cluster cell type annotations (left), and sample origin annotations (right). Pie charts (top) demonstrate the proportion of each cell cluster based on the cell type or sample origin classifications. C Average expression profile of canonical marker genes to separate cell populations across 46 samples collected from 22 ESCC patients. D The proportion of cell subsets across 46 samples (left) and the proportion change of cells across 12 sample groups (right). E UMAP profiles delineating cell subsets collected from ESCC tumors, categorized based on treatment status and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy. pCR, pathological complete response; MPR, major pathological response; IPR, incomplete pathological response; T, tumor; N, normal tissue; B, pre-treatment; A, post-treatment