Fig. 7

Transcriptomic adaptation of GBM tumor cells and TME upon TMZ treatment. A Representative MRI images and human-specific Nestin staining showing tumor growth in control PDOXs P3 (CTR) and TMZ-treated mice (TMZ). Scale bar = 1 mm. B MRI-based assessment of tumor progression over time. The tumor growth rate was calculated during the entire study (day 42 vs day 31, n = 6–7 mice/group, *p < 0.05, two-tailed Student’s t test). C UMAP projection showing the overall gene expression relationship between TMZ-treated and CTR GBM tumor cells (n = 1 mouse/condition). D Proportions of cell types in TME in CTR and TMZ-treated PDOX inferred from scRNA-seq (n = 1 mouse/condition). E Representative images of Iba1⁺ cells in in CTR and TMZ-treated PDOXs. Tumor cores and borders are highlighted. Scale bar: 50 µm. Quantification of Iba1⁺ cells in tumor core is depicted (n = 3 mice/condition; **p < 0.01, two-tailed Student’s t test). F Proportions of cells assigned to nine clusters of myeloid cells in CTR and TMZ-treated PDOXs inferred from scRNA-seq (n = 1 mouse/condition); CL0-1: Ho-Mg, CL2-6: Mg-TAMs, CL7: Mo, CL8: BAMs. G Functional signature score per myeloid cluster in CTR and TMZ conditions. H CellChat-based differential number of interactions and interaction strength of the inferred cell–cell communication networks between cell types in CTR and TMZ PDOXs (threshold > 10 cells/sample). Red or blue colored edges represent increased or decreased signaling in TMZ-treated tumors. I Relative information flow from cell–cell interaction analysis. Receptor-ligand pathways with blue text are significantly enriched in TMZ-treated cells, and pathways with red text are significantly enriched in CTR cells. J Signaling changes in myeloid cells in TMZ vs CTR conditions. K Interactions related to the Galectin, Gas6, and App pathways under CTR and TMZ conditions