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Table 2 Resistome categories for carbapenem-resistant isolates in our prospective collection

From: Inter-species geographic signatures for tracing horizontal gene transfer and long-term persistence of carbapenem resistance

Resistance mechanism

# of CRE isolates

# of CSE isolates

% of total isolates in this category that are CRE

% of CRE isolates with this mechanism

i. Carbapenemases

146

2

98.6%

66.1%

 AllblaKPC

124

2

98.4%

56.1%

  blaKPC-3

60

1

98.4%

27.1%

  blaKPC-2

50

1

98.0%

22.6%

  blaKPC-4

11

0

100.0%

5.0%

  blaKPC(read based)a

3

0

100.0%

1.4%

 AllblaNDM

14

0

100.0%

6.3%

  blaNDM-1

11

0

100.0%

5.0%

  blaNDM-5

3

0

100.0%

1.4%

 AllblaSME

6

0

100.0%

2.7%

  blaSME-1

3

0

100.0%

1.4%

  blaSME-2

3

0

100.0%

1.4%

 Other carbapenemases

2

0

100.0%

0.9%

  blaIMP-84andblaKPC-4

1

0

100.0%

0.5%

  blaIMP-4

1

0

100.0%

0.5%

ii. ESBL/AmpC + porin defect(s)b

61

32

65.6%

27.6%

 Includes any ESBL

46

11

80.7%

20.8%

  IncludesblaCTX-M-15

34

2

94.4%

15.4%

  IncludesblaSHV-12

11

5

68.8%

5.0%

  Includes other ESBLs

13

5

72.2%

5.9%

 Includes any AmpC

31

23

57.4%

14.0%

  IncludesblaEC

19

8

70.4%

8.6%

  IncludesblaCMY-2

12

4

75.0%

5.4%

  Includes other AmpCs

5

12

29.4%

2.3%

iii. ESBL/AmpC without porin defect

6

168

3.4%

2.7%

iv. Porin defect(s) without ESBL/AmpC

8

23

25.8%

3.6%

 Defect in both major porins

5

5

50.0%

2.3%

v. No known resistant determinants

0

113

0.0%

0.0%

  1. aThe blaKPC was not present in the whole-genome assembly, but we were able to detect its presence by examining the read data (see Methods)
  2. bStrains may have multiple predicted AmpC and/or ESBL genes. See Additional file 1: Tables S6-S7 for specific resistance determinants predicted for each isolate